Copper Oxide Red
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The red form of copper oxide, used mainly in copper red and raku glazes.
You must test before you use it, at any scale. Raw materials, mined or man-made, are not consistent. Color, strength, particle size and chemistry can change from one bag to the next and from one supplier to another, even when the name on the bag stays the same. Before you use this material in a glaze, slip or clay body of any size, mix a small test batch, fire it on your own clay in your own kiln, and check the results.
What it is
A reddish-brown copper powder. Potters use it mostly for copper red glazes fired in a gas kiln in reduction (with less oxygen), and for raku effects. In an electric kiln it changes during firing and gives greens, like any other copper.
Getting started
- Copper red recipes use very little copper, often half a percent or less. Follow your recipe closely.
- Copper reds need a reduction firing. In an electric kiln you'll get green.
- Don't swap it one-for-one with black copper oxide or copper carbonate. The amounts differ (see below).
- Fire test tiles first: copper reds are sensitive to glaze thickness and the firing schedule.
For glaze formulators
- Cuprous oxide, Cu₂O. Carries more copper per gram than the other forms.
- 1 part Cu₂O supplies about the same copper as 1.1 parts CuO, or 1.55 parts copper carbonate.
- Converts to CuO in oxidation firings, so it behaves like black copper oxide in an electric kiln.
- Copper reds commonly pair it with about 1% tin oxide.
- At high temperatures copper can vaporize and stain nearby pots and shelves.
Safety
- Harmful if swallowed; don't breathe the dust. Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator (N95 or better) when weighing it dry. Wear gloves, and clean up with a wet sponge, not a broom.
- Copper can leach out of glazes on food surfaces. For mugs, bowls and plates, use a stable, tested base glaze, and have the finished glaze lab-tested before you sell the work.
Sizes & pricing
| Size | Price | Per lb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 lb | $33.75 | $33.75 | Add to cart |
| 5 lb | $160.75 | $32.15 | Add to cart |
| 10 lb | $305.50 | $30.55 | Add to cart |
| 25 lb | $725.00 | $29.00 | Add to cart |
| 50 lb bag | $1,204.50 | $24.09 | Add to cart |
Full bags mix and match. Every full bag in your order, of any raw material, adds up. That total sets the price of every bag. Smaller sizes don't count.
This bag's price stays the same at every level, but it still counts toward your full-bag total.
Prices from our October 23, 2026 price list.
Frequently Asked Questions
Only in a reduction firing, where the kiln is short of oxygen (usually a gas kiln), or in raku. In an electric kiln it gives green, the same as any other copper. The red color of the powder doesn't carry into the fired glaze.
Start with a proven copper red recipe written for your firing temperature, and follow it closely. Copper reds use very little copper, often half a percent or less, usually with about 1% tin oxide. Glaze thickness, when the reduction starts and stops, and how fast the kiln cools all change the color. Fire test tiles in a few spots in your kiln, because the atmosphere varies from spot to spot.
Copper red is one of the hardest glazes to get right. Thin spots often fire clear, because some of the copper escapes as vapor. Too little reduction, or reduction that started late or ended early, can leave it gray or green. Very thick spots can turn dark and muddy. Apply an even, fairly thick coat, keep notes on each firing, and change one thing at a time.
Yes, with a conversion. Red copper oxide carries the most copper per gram. 1 gram of red copper oxide supplies about the same copper as 1.1 grams of black copper oxide or 1.55 grams of copper carbonate. Convert, then fire a test tile.
Glaze and clay recipes go by weight, not by volume, and they don't count water. Each ingredient is a share of the dry total. 2% means 2 grams for every 100 grams of dry ingredients. For a 500-gram batch, that's 10 grams. Colors and opacifiers are often listed as extras on top of a recipe that adds up to 100, written like "+2" or "add 2%." Weigh those the same way: 2 grams for every 100 grams of the base recipe. A digital scale that reads to 0.1 gram makes small amounts easy.
A test tile is a small piece of the clay you use, glazed and fired just like your real work. Raw materials vary from bag to bag, and results also change with your clay, how thick you apply the glaze and how your kiln fires. A test tile is the only way to know what you'll get before you glaze a whole batch of pots. Write what's on each tile on the back (an underglaze pencil works), and keep notes so you can repeat what works.
Yes, whenever you handle the dry powder. Fine dust is the main hazard with most raw materials, and some can harm your lungs over time. Wear a NIOSH-approved respirator (N95 or better) while you weigh and mix. A basic dust mask that isn't N95-rated won't protect you. Once a material is mixed with water, dust is much less of a problem, but wipe up spills with a wet sponge before they dry, and mop instead of sweeping. Don't eat or drink while you work, and wash your hands afterward. Check each product's Safety section for anything extra that material needs.
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